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1. Valve Body
The body of a ball valve parts serves as the primary enclosure for the other components and is the point of contact with the pipe. The material of the valve body must be chosen based on the application’s requirements, such as the type of fluid, operating pressure, and temperature.
Common Materials: Stainless steel, carbon steel, cast iron, brass, and bronze.
Key Features: High pressure and temperature tolerance, corrosion resistance, and durability.
The body design can vary, including options such as two-way, three-way, or multi-port valves, depending on the flow path required.
2. The Ball
The ball is the main element that controls fluid flow. The ball's role is to either allow or obstruct the passage of fluid, depending on its position within the valve. As the ball rotates, it moves from an open position to a closed position or vice versa.
Materials: Stainless steel, chrome-plated steel, brass, and alloy steel.
Key Features: The ball must be smooth and precision-machined to allow a secure seal with the valve seat. Materials should offer resistance to corrosion, abrasion, and wear.
The size of the ball’s port determines the flow capacity of the valve, with larger balls offering more flow area.
3. Stem
The stem connects the actuator to the ball and transmits the motion necessary to open or close the valve. The stem is subjected to high torque, and it must be constructed from strong, durable materials to withstand the forces it experiences during operation.
Materials: Stainless steel is commonly used for its high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand high pressures.
Key Features: High durability and low friction. Some stems are designed with anti-blowout features to prevent accidental detachment from the actuator.
4. Seats
The seats are the components that ensure a leak-free seal when the valve is in the closed position. They are positioned on either side of the ball and form a tight seal around the ball’s surface. Seat material is particularly important as it should provide a high level of resistance to the fluid’s temperature, pressure, and chemical properties.
Materials: PTFE (Teflon), reinforced PTFE, elastomers (such as Nitrile, EPDM), and graphite.
Key Features: Seats should provide excellent sealing properties, be resistant to corrosion and chemical damage, and have good wear resistance.
5. Seals and O-rings
Seals and O-rings are used to prevent leakage at various points of the valve, particularly where the stem meets the body and the ball meets the seat. Seals and O-rings must be flexible enough to form an airtight seal, but also resilient to pressure and temperature changes.
Materials: PTFE, rubber (Viton, Nitrile, EPDM), and elastomers.
Key Features: Excellent sealing properties and resistance to chemical degradation, heat, and pressure.
6. Actuators
Actuators are the driving force behind the ball valve’s rotation. They can be either manual or automated, with manual actuators typically consisting of a lever or handle. Automated actuators can be electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic, depending on the application.
Types: Electric actuators, pneumatic actuators, and hydraulic actuators.
Key Features: Actuators should offer reliable performance, fast response times, and high torque output.
7. End Connections
The end connections are essential for installing the ball valve into a pipeline system. There are several types of end connections, including threaded, flanged, welded, and clamped, which determine how the valve is attached to the pipes.
Key Features: The right end connection ensures ease of installation, minimizes leakage, and ensures the valve can withstand the operating pressure and flow conditions.
